std:math

The Math module provides mathematical constants and functions.

Import

Import the Math namespace, or import single names:

import { Math } from "std:math";
import { sqrt, PI } from "std:math";

print(Math.sqrt(9));  // 3
print(sqrt(16));      // 4
print(PI);            // 3.141592653589793

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Functions accept both Int and Float arguments.

Constants

PI

The mathematical constant π (approximately 3.14159).

import { Math } from "std:math";

let radius = 2;
let area = Math.PI * radius * radius;
print(area);  // 12.566370614359172

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E

Euler's number e (approximately 2.71828).

import { Math } from "std:math";

print(Math.E);       // 2.718281828459045
print(Math.exp(1));  // 2.718281828459045

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Other constants

LN2, LN10, LOG2E, LOG10E, SQRT2 and SQRT1_2 are also available.

import { Math } from "std:math";

print(Math.SQRT2);  // 1.4142135623730951
print(Math.LN2);    // 0.6931471805599453

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Functions

abs(x: Float): Float

Returns the absolute value of x. An Int argument gives an Int result.

import { Math } from "std:math";

print(Math.abs(-5));    // 5
print(Math.abs(-3.14)); // 3.14

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floor(x: Float): Int

Rounds x down to the nearest integer.

import { Math } from "std:math";

print(Math.floor(3.7));   // 3
print(Math.floor(-2.3));  // -3

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ceil(x: Float): Int

Rounds x up to the nearest integer.

import { Math } from "std:math";

print(Math.ceil(3.2));   // 4
print(Math.ceil(-2.7));  // -2

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round(x: Float): Int

Rounds x to the nearest integer. Halfway values round away from zero.

import { Math } from "std:math";

print(Math.round(3.5));   // 4
print(Math.round(3.4));   // 3
print(Math.round(-2.5));  // -3

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trunc(x: Float): Int

Drops the fractional part of x.

import { Math } from "std:math";

print(Math.trunc(3.7));   // 3
print(Math.trunc(-3.7));  // -3

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sign(x: Float): Int

Returns 1 for positive numbers, -1 for negative numbers and 0 for zero.

import { Math } from "std:math";

print(Math.sign(-4));   // -1
print(Math.sign(0));    // 0
print(Math.sign(2.5));  // 1

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sqrt(x: Float): Float

Returns the square root of x.

import { Math } from "std:math";

print(Math.sqrt(16));  // 4
print(Math.sqrt(2));   // 1.4142135623730951

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pow(base: Float, exp: Float): Float

Returns base raised to the power of exp.

import { Math } from "std:math";

print(Math.pow(2, 10));   // 1024
print(Math.pow(3, 0.5));  // 1.7320508075688772

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exp(x: Float): Float

Returns e raised to the power of x.

import { Math } from "std:math";

print(Math.exp(0));  // 1

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sin(x: Float): Float

Returns the sine of x (in radians).

import { Math } from "std:math";

print(Math.sin(Math.PI / 2));  // 1

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cos(x: Float): Float

Returns the cosine of x (in radians).

import { Math } from "std:math";

print(Math.cos(0));        // 1
print(Math.cos(Math.PI));  // -1

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tan(x: Float): Float

Returns the tangent of x (in radians).

import { Math } from "std:math";

print(Math.tan(Math.PI / 4));  // 0.9999999999999999

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atan2(y: Float, x: Float): Float

Returns the angle in radians between the positive x axis and the point (x, y).

import { Math } from "std:math";

print(Math.atan2(1, 1));  // 0.7853981633974483

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log(x: Float): Float

Returns the natural logarithm (base e) of x.

import { Math } from "std:math";

print(Math.log(Math.E));  // 1
print(Math.log(10));      // 2.302585092994046

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log10(x: Float): Float

Returns the base-10 logarithm of x.

import { Math } from "std:math";

print(Math.log10(100));  // 2

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max(a: Float, b: Float): Float

Returns the larger of a and b. The result is always a Float.

import { Math } from "std:math";

print(Math.max(5, 10));  // 10

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min(a: Float, b: Float): Float

Returns the smaller of a and b. The result is always a Float.

import { Math } from "std:math";

print(Math.min(5, 10));  // 5

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random(): Float

Returns a random floating-point number between 0 (inclusive) and 1 (exclusive).

import { Math } from "std:math";

let r = Math.random();  // e.g. 0.4024525217869972

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randomInt(min: Int, max: Int): Int

Returns a random integer between min and max, both inclusive. min must be less than max.

import { Math } from "std:math";

let dice = Math.randomInt(1, 6);  // 1 to 6
print(dice);

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